Pilgrimages were a great excuse for the folks in the Edo period (Basho, Issa ...) to take a trip.
There are famous pilgrimages to 88 temples in Shikoku (henro) with thousands of "Henro Haiku".
All the temples have a haiku box where pilgrims can drop their haiku, which will be published in the monthly temple magazine.
I have started to translate some.
http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2006/04/pilgrimage-henro-05.html
Even in my mountain village we have an abbreviated course of these 88 temples and the farmers take two days March 27 / 28 to walk it, along with mountain ascetics blowing the conch and prayers at each station (my own home is Nr. 63 in the circuit).
Pilgrimages to the 33 incarnations (and temples) of Kannon Bosatsu are also quite famous.
The circuit in Kanto with 33, Saikoku (Western Japan) with 33 and Chichibu (near Tokyo) with 34 make it a full 100 temples to visit and write haiku about it.
o o o o o
Pilgrimages to Shinto temples are also popular, some are kigo
Ise Shrine Pilgrimage, O-Ise-Mairi, Ise Mairi 伊勢参り
Konpira Shrine Pilgrimage, Konpira Mairi 琴平参り
More is here
http://wkdfestivalsaijiki.blogspot.com/2007/08/pilgrimage-to-kyoto.html
無縁仏 遍路の顔も 石に消え

graves of the unknown -
pilgrims faces faded
into stone
http://happyhaiku.blogspot.com/2005/06/henro-pilgrims.html
Muenbotoke -The dead without any connection, many died on a pilgrimage.
Do you have any pilgrimages in your region, and haiku to share about it?
Gabi